Current mood:
cynical
The following is a list of products sold by a local drug store. While I did make preferential selections to prove a point, this is a fairly representative sample. I read through the store’s website and used about half their inventory of this product type. Carefully consider each name before I reveal what they describe
Caviar Rapid Repair Spray
Freeze Pudding Extreme
Raw Bondage Rock Hard Hold
4-PLAY Moulding Paste
Beauty Binge Hair Pudding
FX Special Effects 3D
Headrush Adrenaline Spray
Hemp Seed Styling Souffle
Forte Glam Rock
5th Ave. NYC
Cristalli Illuminating Serum
Texturizing Taffy
Head Games Power Hungry
Frisky Scrunching Gel with Attitude
You’ve probably guessed these are hair care products, but something is amiss. These names for the most part have nothing to do with hair. They are about sex, or food, or attitude, and even in one case some kind of abstract concept of illumination. Some other products I didn’t list have long, pseudo-scientific names that don’t mean anything. What’s going on here?
We expect certain things from a name because of how English works. Names symbolize objects, which implies a real correspondence between the qualities of the object and the name. A name should take us into the core of it’s referent; a name that lies takes us somewhere else. Names can lie in two ways:
1) If I say my name is Joe, I am lying because my given name is Matthew. This is an explicit lie: the name is taking us into the wrong referent. Explicit lies are illegal in advertising – they are false advertising.
2) Suppose my parents named me Wendy. This would also be a lie because I don’t have the characteristics of a ‘Wendy’ (I’m male) Here the lie is implicit (as well as legal): it involves an inherently impossible relationship between the name and it’s referent. Lies like this are insidious because they appear to point at the correct referent, but in fact present a sort of imaginary, self-contradictory version. If we aren’t paying attention we may simply be deceived. If we do notice but are carried along anyway there is a sense of violation. But if we are quick, the lie fails and the name is funny because of it’s incongruity.
When I read a shampoo bottle, I expect to discover the shampoo’s qualities. “Gentle Shampoo for Dry Hair” might be an appropriate name. Instead, I see “Raw Bondage Rock Hard”, then “4-PLAY Molding Paste”. I’m looking to treat my dry scalp but end up in the middle of an S&M sex act. Now I’m freaked out: I don’t know anyone (I’m picturing the people on the shampoo bottle), I don’t even like S&M, and I’m not sure what to do. Am I going to offend these people if I leave their orgy? What kind of excuse is appropriate? I settle on “Sorry, I forgot to picture myself with a pack of Trojans..” and head back to the hair salon.
Unfortunately, my eyes are still moving along the rack. Next is “Beauty Binge Hair Pudding”. Now I’m sitting at a table in a French cafe, eating bowls of jellied hair while a snooty waiter watches disapprovingly. Finally, after my fifth serving, I look up and see the jar of Cristalli Illuminating Serum. Forget the shampoo, this is what I really want! Sand blows up from behind me as I gaze at the little glass container. I’ve journeyed a fortnight through the wastes of Akbaar, crossed the Gorge of Dismemberment, and slain Urgoth the Terrible, high in his rocky fortress, all to gain the legendary Serum. At last, the prize is mine! I anoint myself with the Serum of Illumination and wait for the mysteries of the universe to be revealed. Nothing happens. My hair is a little shinier though. What the hell is going on?
All sense of reference is gone.
his kind of deception is rampant in marketing. People come to a point where on the surface they ignore the name but at a deeper level accept what is being said. Shampoo is to bondage as apples are to Pakistan, but it makes sense if you don’t think about it. Anything makes sense if you don’t think, and the subconscious forges a connection. It’s possible to sidestep the lie by paying attention; unfortunately we read everything we look at and can’t be aware all the time. I’m something of a cultural hermit so the absurdity is more shocking and I notice, but we all stop noticing awfully quick
Why should advertisers want to associate their products with Science, or Sex, or the Rich and Famous? On the surface it might seem these things are simply exciting, so by association the product becomes exciting and thus more attractive. This may be true to an extent, and no doubt a variety of forces are at work in modern advertising. I believe the biggest impact of ads is not from simple excitement, however, but from something much more basic and complex. Advertisement is the basis of a new, American religion; a religion in which celebrities are deities, hair products are sacraments, and the final goal is material or sexual success.
Advertisements and the media set up the conditions for this “religion” in two ways: first, the media makes the rich, the famous, and the powerful into deities by glorifying them in popular entertainment. Second, advertisers, through false naming (as above) and celebrity endorsements, create associations between their products and both celebrities and the consumer. Thus, the consumer can use those products as an intermediary to reach the divine (celebrity).
One might ask how there could be a new American religion since modern man has no dealings with spirits - he doesn’t even believe in spirits. Our culture has, it is true, abandoned spirituality. We talk about it a lot but the words are empty. There is no imminent sense of another, different reality interwoven with this one.
But belief in the supernatural is a natural thing (it’s a joke!). There is a deep desire to look for the Other and ascribe power to it. So much so that we inevitably have faith in something, in spite of our best atheistic efforts. In fact, the supernatural in America is only thinly veiled, but self-deception is easy and most people don’t know the Other is still here. Anything can be functionally supernatural if it is sufficiently distant from us and seen as a repository of power – it must simply be outside the ‘natural order’ of our daily lives. Examples are:
Science
Medicine
The Famous (typically Movie Stars and Rock Stars)
The Cultural Elite
Drugs
Government
The increasing specialization of our culture means an average man has no dealings with science, high culture, or the government, like he might have 100 years ago. He has been disenfranchised, and these areas have become incomprehensible (supernatural) to him. The media heightens the effect by focusing on and fawning over the rich and powerful. The result: all of the above are transcendent. They can be good or evil - it makes no difference. They are absolute in our minds, unaffected by causality and the material. The Scientist bends reality to his will. The Famous live above the law and can do anything. Drugs have an irresistible strength, whether to enlighten or corrupt. The Wealthy control the world. These are our gods, and the stories we tell about them, on TV, in magazines and newspapers, are our myths.
Thus the modern pagan. We have a fruit basket of celebrity gods: any flavor you like.. When we go to the store and get ready to make fruit salad, that’s when the magic happens.
Why are celebrity endorsements effective? They are a form of magic. The celebrity probably knows less about the product than you do. Why will having Johnny Depp’s name on my Rogaine make it work better when Johnny Depp uses some cutting edge $5,000 Japanese hair laser and has never touched a bottle of Rogaine? Johnny Depp is not a person; Johnny Depp is a god. The supernatural is controlled through it’s name (this is an ancient principle of magic, present in every magical system), and by using Rogain I am literally applying a name of power to myself. Through name and ritual I am controlling the transcendence that is Johnny, in order to grow more hair.
The same ideas apply to the rest of the product list. When I buy “Cationic Hydration Interlink Ceramic: Ionic Far Infrared Shine Infusion Thermal Polishing Spray”, it is not because I understand the science behind the name and know it will work. If I understood science I would realize the name is bullshit. I am invoking the Other by reciting it’s names, so I might better cleanse and condition.
I’m being somewhat facetious; we don’t invoke the supernatural just to improve our coiffure. The new American religion has a dual nature. On the one hand are magical associations between the transcendent and consumer products. On the other hand are magical associations between consumer products and the real objects of our desire, mostly Sex, Money, and Power.
Rogain is a talisman, or sacrament. An example from another culture may be helpful. A Wiccan wants to improve his sweet potato crop this year. His religion tells him there is a relationship between quartz and fertility, so he must use a quartz rock to make his field productive. The quartz alone is not enough, however. It has provided the right conditions, but there must be a source of energy for the crystal to transmute. Our wiccan invokes the gods of the mountain, writing their names on the quartz. He can thus, through the quartz, use the strength of the gods on his potatoes.
A more modern example is Holy Communion. Let’s suppose a catholic had an affair with his secretary, and he wants to be forgiven. The bread and wine of the host are Types of Christ’s body and blood, and are thus related to his own body and his venial sin. Again, the bread and wine alone are insufficient – they are merely a vehicle. They are imbued with Divine power through the ritual actions of the priest which can then be applied to the supplicant.
We do the same. Countless hours of advertising have created the necessary relationships. E.g. cosmetics and perfume = sex, beer = sex, cars = sex / money / power (something this expensive has to be versatile to justify the cost), and so on. Let’s say what I really want is sex. There is a magical relationship between hair care and sex (established by TV spots with women applying shampoo and moaning orgasmically), so I set out to buy some hair gel. I get to the store and see a bottle of goop endorsed by Tyra Banks. Tyra banks is especially potent in my particular theology, and her name is on the bottle, so her power is controlled and contained within. Since the hair gel is connected both to my goal and the power needed to achieve that goal, it can function as an intermediary, i.e. a sacrament. I buy the goop, and can now apply Tyra’s power to myself in order to get laid.